Please refer Para 419.6.4 of B31.4 which differentiates between the restrained portion and unrestrained portion of a pipeline for the calculation and evaluation of the stresses resulting from temperature and pressure changes in the line. For restrained portion, the longitudinal compressive...
Please refer Para 419.6.4 of B31.4 which differentiates between the restrained portion and unrestrained portion of a pipeline for the calculation and evaluation of the stresses resulting from temperature and pressure changes in the line. For unrestrained portion the longitudinal compressive...