So far as I know, it is pollution that gets washed off the tank roof and makes the stains like that. I remember this issue coming up years ago as well.
Theoretically, a tank is perfectly symmetrical and rain will run off uniformly all around. In reality, there will be minor highs, lows, laps...
To avoid confusion, I would just define one DLL, but then go ahead and hydrotest it to the top of the shell, assuming design meets hydrotest requirements for that depth.
Also, see 7.3.6.1.1(b), (c) and (d), which allow the hydrotest depth to be different from the design depth in various cases.
A quick check through, I may be missing something:
First, you have to assume "small deflections". Let x be the angle between force P and the spoke in question.
In that case, the deflection in each spoke will be cos(x) times the deflection in the direction of the force, and the component of...
I've used odd spacings before, nobody seemed to have a problem with it.
On the #8 @ 6"/4", if it gets too close, you can use a double layer each way or bundled bars.
Are you involved in the design of the stack itself? If so, look into vortex-shedding issues that can increase the wind loads or otherwise affect design.
Also watch design temperatures, thermal effects.
I would interpret that wording to mean each part has to be greater than 3/4", not that the sum of the thicknesses is greater than 3/4", so I would say "no".
That could be reworded more clearly.
Ah, the inswing-manway. That is not covered by API-650.
Per AWWA D100, the excess shell plate area and the area in the neck are included in the reinforcing. That style of manway has the neck intentionally built up to furnish full reinforcing area via the neck, without needing a reinforcing...
"N/A, slab only" if you want it specifically just for the pad.
For pad + equipment, maybe "Steel distributed mass cantilever structure" or "Inverted pendulum type structure" (pulling choices off Table 15.4-2 in ASCE 7-16).
An intriguing question. I had not heard of those before.
In the US, watering tanks were usually wooden or riveted steel. I have just always assumed that this usage dated to the very dawn of railways as well.
Googling up some of the Cornish mine engines inevitably shows the engine but not the...
My impression- you are confusing two different effects.
A tube flattens when squished between two flat plates due to applied force.
I think (but can't necessarily prove) that a tube subjected to pure moment would tend to flatten as well, without any applied force.
So when you wrap the tube...
I assume seismic loading is based on treating this as a fixed rigid object.
One of the ASCE short courses I took discussed seismic loading based on a rigid object rocking. Which increases the period and might reduce seismic loading.
Similarly, if the analysis allows for sliding of the...
